Java设计模式研究之Flyweight模式
http://tech.ddvip.com 2006年11月21日 社区交流
本文详细介绍Java设计模式研究之Flyweight模式
package Flyweight;
import java.util.Hashtable;
public class FlyweightFactory
...
{
private Hashtable flyweights = new Hashtable();//----------------------------1
public FlyweightFactory() ...{}
public Flyweight getFlyWeight(Object obj)
...
{
Flyweight flyweight = (Flyweight) flyweights.get(obj);//----------------2
if(flyweight == null) ...{//---------------------------------------------------3
//产生新的ConcreteFlyweight
flyweight = new ConcreteFlyweight((String)obj);
flyweights.put(obj, flyweight);//--------------------------------------5
}
return flyweight;//---------------------------------------------------------6
}//end GetFlyWeight(...)
public int getFlyweightSize()
...
{
return flyweights.size();
}
}//end class FlyweightFactory这个工厂方法类非常关键，这里详细解释一下：
在1处定义了一个Hashtable用来存储各个对象；在2处选出要实例化的对象，在6处将该对象返回，如果在Hashtable中没有要选择的对象，此时变量flyweight为null，产生一个新的flyweight存储在Hashtable中，并将该对象返回。
最后看看Flyweight的调用：
package Flyweight;
import java.util.Hashtable;
public class FlyweightPattern ...{
FlyweightFactory factory = new FlyweightFactory();
Flyweight fly1;
Flyweight fly2;
Flyweight fly3;
Flyweight fly4;
Flyweight fly5;
Flyweight fly6;
/** *//** Creates a new instance of FlyweightPattern */
public FlyweightPattern() ...{
fly1 = factory.getFlyWeight("Google");
fly2 = factory.getFlyWeight("Qutr");
fly3 = factory.getFlyWeight("Google");
fly4 = factory.getFlyWeight("Google");
fly5 = factory.getFlyWeight("Google");
fly6 = factory.getFlyWeight("Google");
}//end FlyweightPattern()
public void showFlyweight()
...
{
fly1.operation();
fly2.operation();
fly3.operation();
fly4.operation();
fly5.operation();
fly6.operation();
int objSize = factory.getFlyweightSize();
System.out.println("objSize = " + objSize);
}//end showFlyweight()
public static void main(String[] args)
...
{
System.out.println("The FlyWeight Pattern!");
FlyweightPattern fp = new FlyweightPattern();
fp.showFlyweight();
}//end main(...)
}//end class FlyweightPattern下面是运行结果：
Concrete---Flyweight : Google
Concrete---Flyweight : Qutr
Concrete---Flyweight : Google
Concrete---Flyweight : Google
Concrete---Flyweight : Google
Concrete---Flyweight : Google
objSize = 2我们定义了6个对象，其中有5个是相同的，按照Flyweight模式的定义“Google”应该共享一个对象，在实际的对象数中我们可以看出实际的对象却是只有2个。
下面给出一个简易的UML图：
总结：
Flyweight(享元)模式是如此的重要，因为它能帮你在一个复杂的系统中大量的节省内存空间。在GOF的书中举了文本处理的例子，我觉得非常恰当。那么，在Java中String这个类型比较特殊，为什么呢，看下面的例子：
String a = "hello";
String b = "hello";
if(a == b)
System.out.println("OK");
else
System.out.println("Error");输出结果是：OK。稍有经验的人都可以看出if条件比较的是两a和b的地址，也可以说是内存空间。那么Sting的实现是不是使用了Flyweight模式呢，不得而知，到现在还没有研究过。
责编：豆豆技术应用
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